Academic Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Academic Art - Essay Example Different methods were taught such as seeing color and line as something similar. There had to be a value and a method behind each sculpture, painting, piece of architecture or other art work. Each had a theme or a concept behind it and focused on idealism. Academic arts were not necessarily made for the middle class or the noble. They were made by artists to tell something historic and were more for each other as artists. I’d lean toward that they were made more for the middle class. However, many were commissioned by the noble. The middle class could use these works of art for learning about events. They might not otherwise have access to learning about these things in other ways. They could not be there so they used the art as a historical and educational depiction that could not otherwise be read in books. The noble people commissioned these works of art as a reminder of the history that they would be leaving behind so people would never forget and would learn something. D iego Velazquez created an oil on canvas â€Å"The Surrender of Breda† in 1634-35. This painting depicted the military and how military leaders might treat their enemy. This particular work was one that was commissioned by a Spanish King so that it would act as a celebration of the victories in Spain. It was a painting that captured the ideas of the Academy because people could learn from it and it served as memorabilia of the conflict that people can still use academically. It was an example of the Spanish military.

Love in psychology Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Love in psychology - Coursework Example Love is too enthralling that millions of people resulted to find varied ways and strategies just to find the idealized partner. Many have strong preference to look at love as a positive force that fills the existential vacuum, but many of them are also experientially eluded to truly feel and perceived true love. At times, gender relations illustrate power play in relationships: of submissiveness and domination. Female does the former and the male does the later. It has varying perception from male, female, gay, lesbian or of those coming from transsexual gender. But most of them felt how love entails joy, happiness, and hurt. There is a mystical concept in it, maybe because of its association to fantastic fairy tales. Lovers would even seize distance just to be with the beloved; or to find wisdom from good or bad relationship; or to simply feel the void in the lover’s absence. But its amazing how one could find someone to love from billions of people walking in all busy lanes. Love’s history is immortalized by time and its details are enshrined in all historic evolution of events in many civilizations. Rubin (1975) thought that romantic  love  is made holistic by three elements: attachment, caring, and intimacy. Attachment is a state of belongingness where care is felt and there is direct communication for cognitive and emotive responses. It is a comfort zone, a security base, a sacred breathing space. It is considered as passion. The absence of attachment caused certain level of instability of emotions and psyche. Caring on the other hand relate to humanistic-altruistic value of being sensitive to another’s happiness. Intimacy refers to the bond established through sharing of thoughts, desires, and feelings with each other.  Hatfield, Cacioppo, Rapson, and Clark (1992) categorized love into compassionate  and passionate  love. Compassionate love refers to the capacity of person to understand and to be receptive of the language of the heart with respect and trust. Compassionate  love  usually develops out of feelings of mutual understanding and shared respect for each other.  Passionate  love  on the other hand is an intense feeling with physiological awareness of the beloved. Reciprocation of these feelings meant fulfillment and the person is preconceived as an ideal lover. Hatfield et.al. (1992) believed that passionate  love  is transitory and could only last within the period from 6 to 30 months. Meanwhile, Lee (1973) explicated love by associating its concepts to primary colors: eros, ludos, and storge.  He believed that love is a combination of these three. For instance, the combination of eros and ludos meant an obsessive love. A combination of ludos and storge could result to realistic love, a pragma. Eros and storge combined would also mean selfless love. Religious leaders call this agape, an ideation of love in the image of God. Lee (1973) further explained that eros meant loving an ideal person; ludos meant love as a game; and storge meant love as friendship. Sternberg (1996) professed that relationships are built on elements that endure and are called consummated love as a description of intimacy, passion, and commitment. Rubin (1973), a social psychologist

Fourty famous studies that influeneced psychology Essay Example for Free

Fourty famous studies that influeneced psychology Essay Born First, Born Smarter This study involves a persons intellectual development in correlation to the order in which they were born in relation to their siblings. Two research psychologists, Robert B. Zajonc and Gregory B. Markus, developed a theory in an attempt to explain the relationship between birth order and intelligence. They conducted this study by gathering information from previous research and applied it to the data they collected themselves. A research project was conducted n the late 1960s that involved testing the intellectual abilities of children born at the end of WWII. They found a strong relationship between the birth order and the Raven test scores. The ones born first scored higher, and the score decreased with the declining birth order. However, the average Raven score for the first born in a two family is only about 5 points higher then that for a last born in a family with nine children. So the more children you have, and the smaller the gap between each child is, the more intelligent each child in succession will be. In Control and Glad of It Researchers Ellen J. Langer and Judith Rodin conducted a field experiment using elderly people in an elderly home to test the outcome of when people are given control as opposed to when people have everything done for them. Langer and Rodins prediction was that if the loss of personal responsibility for ones life causes a person to be less happy and healthy, then increasing control and power should have the opposite effect. Two floors of the elderly home were randomly selected to be observed. One floor was given options for certain things such as there furniture arrangement and which movie they would like to attend. The other floor, was given no such options and had everything arranged and done for them by the staff. The staff was asked to fill out questionnaires about the patients on their floor (the staff new nothing of the experiment). The questionnaires had questions on it to comment about things such as if the patents were sociable, happy, alert, and even how much they visited other patients. The differences between the two groups were incredible. They determined that overall, the increased responsibility groups condition improved over the three weeks of  the study, while the no-control group was doing progressively poorer. They concluded that when people who have been forced to give up their control and decision-making power are given a greater sense of personal responsibility, their lives and attitudes improve, as is true with the opposing side. More Experience = Bigger Brain Mark R. Rosenzweig and Edward L. Bennett wanted to find out if the brain changes in response to experience. Because this experiment involved long periods of observation and even autopsies to observe the changes in the brain, the two researchers couldnt use human subjects, so they used rats for the experiment. Three male rats where chosen to participate and assigned to one of three conditions. One rat remained in the colony cage with the rest of the colony. One rat was placed in an enriched environment and one was placed in an impoverished environment. There were 12 rats in each of these conditions for each of the 16 experiments. The standard cage had many rats and had adequate space with food and water always available. The improvised environment was a slightly smaller cage, isolated in a separate room, where the rat was alone with adequate food and water. Finally, the enriched environment was a large cage filled with many toys and furnished with every luxury a rat could want. The results indicated that the brains of the enriched rats were highly different from those of the impoverished rats. The cerebral cortex of the enriched rats was significantly heavier and thicker then those of the impoverished rats. Also, the study found a significantly greater number of glial cells in the enriched rats brains compared with the rats raised in the dull environment. After 10 years of experiment and research the researchers could clearly and confidently state that there is no doubt that many aspects of brain anatomy and brain chemistry are changed by experience. However, many scientists were skeptical of there findings because there were factors that Rosenzweig and Bennett didnt take into consideration. The enriched rats were handled more which could have been a brain stimulus and the impoverished rats could have been stressed from having no contact with anyone or anything at all. See AggressionDo Aggression One of he most famous and influential experiment ever conducted in psychology history demonstrated how children learn to be aggressive. This study by Albert Bandura and his associates Dorothea Ross and Shelia Ross was carried out in 1961 at Stanford University. The researchers asked for the help of the Stanford University nursery in obtaining thirty-six boys and thirty-six girls raging from ages 3-6. The average age for he children was 4 years and 4 months. Twenty four of the children were assigned to the control group which was the group that wasnt exposed to any model. The rest of the children were divided into two groups: one exposed to aggressive models and one exposed to non-aggressive models, they were also divided by sex. They eventually had 8 experimental groups divided by gender and level of aggression. First, the experimenter brought a child from one of the groups to a playroom with an adult model. The adult model beat a Bobo doll with a fake mallet while the child played with other toys. Another child was brought in after and the adult model ignored the Bobo doll. This went on for all the groups. 1) The children who were exposed to the violent models tended to imitate the exact violent behaviors they observed when left alone with the Bobo doll. 2) Overall, girls were more likely to imitate the verbal aggression toward the Bobo doll, while the boys showed more physical violence. 3) Boys were significantly more physically aggressive then girls in nearly all the conditions. 4) The boys used the mallet significantly more then girls in almost all of the conditions. 5) The control group was generally less violent then the experimental group.6) in cases with a non-aggressive female, the children used hardly any aggressive language. What You Expect Is What You Get This study involves teachers expectancies of pupils and how that affects the students I.Q. gains. Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobson conducted a study where they theorized that when an elementary school teacher is provided with information (such as I.Q. scores) that creates certain expectancies about a students potential, either strong or weak, the teacher might unknowingly behave in ways that subtly encourage or facilitate the performance of the students seen as more likely to succeed. An elementary school was chosen and  all the children grades 1-6 were given an I.Q. test near the beginning of the year. The teachers were told that there students were taking the Harvard Test of Inflected Acquisition. This was told to them because this test was supposed to be a predictor for a childs academic blooming. Teachers believed that students that scored higher would enter a period of increased learning abilities. This was also not true. Children were chosen at random to be within the top 20 percentile of this test and the teachers were informed of this. All other children were the control group of this experiment. At the end of the year the children were tested again using the I.Q. test and the children originally chosen for the top 20% showed a significantly increased score then those of the control group in grades one and two. In grades 3-6 the difference was not so great. The reason for the 1st and 2nd grade development was thought to be because of how younger minds were more malleable then older children and how younger children dont have a reputation from previous school years. I Can See It All Over Your Face Researchers Paul Ekman and Wallace V. Freisen conducted a study about how facial expressions and emotions are a universal language. The first problem with this experiment was that the researchers had to find subjects that had never been exposed to media or magazines because this would enable the subjects to not truthfully identify a certain emotional expression. Ekman and Freisen found a group of people like this in the Southeast Highlands of New Guinea called the Fore people. They were an isolated Stone Age society with not much contact of any other people outside there environment, let alone any media. They had not been exposed to emotional facial expressions other then those of there own people. The two researchers showed there experimental groups of adults and children pictures of different facial expressions of people from the United States and told them a sentence. They asked them to identify by pointing, to the correct matching facial expression. The adults were given three pictures to choose from and the children were given two. There was not much difference between male and female recognition of expressions, however the children did fair a little better in the experiment. This could have been attributed to the fact that  the children only had to choose between two pictures instead of three. The results for both adults and children clearly support the researchers theory that particular facial behaviors are universally associated with particular emotions. The only trouble that the Fore people had was distinguishing between fear and surprise, and this was because these people closely associated fear and surprise as one emotion. Racing Against Your Heart Using their earlier research and clinical observations, two cardiologists, Meyer Friedman and Ray H. Rosenman, developed a model of traits for a specific type of persons behavioral pattern that they believed was related to growing levels of cholesterol and to heart disease. The first pattern, pattern A, had characteristics such as a drive to achieve your goals, a competing personality, multi-tasking that involves meeting deadlines, and extreme alertness. Following this is another type of people, called pattern B. Pattern B is the exact opposite of pattern A. They lacked drive, ambition, desire to compete, and involvement in deadlines. A third set of behaviors developed was called pattern C. This was very much like pattern B but involved anxiety and insecurity. Friedman and Rosenman interviewed about 166 men for there experiment. They first questions they asked them were about there familys medical history, so they could see if they had CHD. While in this interview the researchers cat egorized each man into a pattern A or B category by the way he answered questions, or his tone, or body language. Each subject was asked to keep a log of there diet over the course of a week and blood tests were taken from each of the men to measure cholesterol levels. Friedman and Rosenman matched each man into pattern A and pattern B easily. Each man fit into one of the developed patterns. The researchers found that the men in Pattern A group had significantly higher chances of heart disease and that type A behavior was a major cause of blood abnormalities. However there could be other reasons why Type A had higher chances of heart disease such as, there familys history. More men in the pattern A group had parents with heart disease. Another difference was that pattern A men smoked more cigarettes a day then did the subjects in group B. This study was very important in the history of psychology for a few  reasons. One way was that it proved certain behavioral patterns can cause major heart related illness. Another is that this study began a new line of research and questioning into the relat ionship between behavior and CHD. The largest long-range outcome from this study that has played an important role in creating a new branch of psychology called health psychology. Not Practicing What You Preach This study involves attitudes and actions toward different racial groups. It was determine if what people say is actually what they will do if they come face to face with the problem. Richard T. LaPiere traveled extensively with a young Chinese couple in 1930 and 1931. The couple was very nice and personable and he was glad to be traveling with them. During this time there was a lot of prejudice in the U.S. against Asians. So, LaPiere was very surprised when the Asian couple was graciously accommodated at a very fine hotel that had a reputation for greatly disliking Orientals. Two months later he called the same hotel and asked if they would accommodate a very important Chinese man and they said defiantly not. LaPiere then developed a theory that stated What people say is often not what they do. The study was conducted in two separate parts. First, LaPiere went with his Chinese friends to many hotels and restaurant throughout the U.S. over the course of two years. He took record of how the couple was treated and made sure to first stay out of site of the managers of the establishments to ensure that the couple wouldnt be treated differently in his presence. The second part of the experiment was for LaPiere to wait 6 months after there trip (to make sure the effect of the Chinese couples visit had faded), and then call each establishment that they went to or stayed at, and asked them if they would accommodate a Chinese person. After almost three years, LaPiere had enough information to make a comparison of social attitudes social behavior. Out of the 251 hotels and restaurants they attended, only one refused the couple and LaPiere service because of the couples race. Aside from that instance, all other places accommodated them with average or above average service. When he received most of the letters back with an answer from the hotels and restaurants over 90% of them said they would absolutely not accommodate anyone of the Chinese race. This confirmed LaPieres theory that what people  say, is not always how they will act. The Power of Conformity Research psychologist Solomon E. Asch conducted a study to see if people will give into peer pressure and conform to there friends ideas. A person was let into a room (Subject A) with seven other subjects. These seven people, without subject A knowing, were not participants in the experiment, they were helping the experimenter. Each person was asked which line was longer on a card that was shown to them. Subject A went first and then followed was the seven other subjects and then subject A was asked again. They did this several times until one time, all the other subjects disagreed with subject A and all picked the same one, different form his choice. When the card came back to subject A he picked the one everyone else picked. Seventy-Five percent of the time the first subject will conform to the groups consensus at least once. The powerful effects of group pressures to conform were clearly demonstrated in Aschs study. There are four factors that could have an effect on the reduction of conformity. These factors are social support, attraction and commitment to the group, size of the group, and gender of the group. If you have people on your side you are more likely to stay with your answer rather then conform. Crowding Into The Behavioral Sink The effects of crowding on our behavior are something that has interested psychologists for decades. One man in particular, John B. Calhoun was especially interested in it when he conducted this study on crowding and social pathology. It may be hard to believe but rats do have a social side. The reason Calhoun used rats were because he needed many subjects for long periods of time that were willing to crowd together for a while. Humans wouldnt be very good at this. He used a 1014 foot room and divided it into 4 sections. Section one was connected to section 2 by a ramp, section 2 was connected to section 3 by a ramp, and section 3 was connected to section 4 by a ramp. The walls were electrified so in order to get from section 1 to section 4 you needed to go through all the rooms. The rooms were also filled  with shreds of paper, in order for the rats to make nests. The experimenter filled the rooms with rats. They started with about 4 rats and waited or the rats to multiply until they reached 80. When over 80 were reached some rats were removed so they always had a constant number. When the rats got older, they started to fight with each other for space even though it wasnt necessarily too crowded. The two end rooms were soon fought for because they got the most space and privacy so the rat that won the fight always stayed on guard at the end of the ramp for security. Some rats became submissive and others always fought. Some of the rats were very sexually active and some wanted nothing to do with it. Some of the mothers in the two middle pens became inadequate. They often left their children and lost all maternal abilities. One environment where the same thing that happened to the rats might happen to humans is in an overcrowded prison. It was found in a very crowded prison where each inmate has approximately 50 square feet, as opposed to one with more room, there were more cases of homicides, suicide, illness, and disciplinary problems. Crowding also has negative effects on problem-solving abilities. When in a small room thats crowded subjects had a more difficult time listening to a story and putting tighter a puzzle, then did another group with more space and the same tasks. Relaxing Your Fears Away Researcher Joseph Wolpe was a research psychologist specializing in the systematic desensitization treatment of neuroses. The word phobia comes from Phobos, the name of the Greek god of fear. Phobias are divided into three main categories. Simple phobias are phobias that involve irrational fears of animals or specific situations such as small spaces or heights. Social phobias are irrational fears about interaction with others. Agoraphobia is the irrational fear of being in an unfamiliar, open, or crowded space. These are all irrational and all can be treated in similar ways. Systematic desensitization is a behavioral technique that was credited to Wolpe as perfecting and applying it to the treatment of anxiety disorders. Systematic desensitization is the way of unlearning a learned behavior. Reciprocal inhibition is when two responses inhibit each other, and only one may exist at a given moment. There are three steps that a patient must follow in order  to rid themselves of a phobi a. Wolpe says that you cannot be in a complete relaxed state and have an irrational fear at the same time, so the first step is relaxation. He taught the patient to go into a deep state of relaxation whenever they wanted or needed too. The process involves tensing and relaxing your muscles until you have reached a state of complete relaxation. Wolpe also incorporated hypnosis to ensure full relaxation. The next step in the process is for the therapist and patient to develop a list of high anxiety-producing situations involving your phobia. Starting with the least stressful and ending with the most stressful. The final stage is called the unlearning stage. The patient has to go into a deep state of relaxation and the therapist will read off to you your fears of the list. If at any point you feel anxiety the therapist stops you return to your relaxation mode and the therapist will continue. This process continues until the therapist can go through the entire list with you feeling the least bit anxious. The success of their therapy was judged by the patients own reports and by the occasional direct observation. He had a success rate of 91% with the 39 cases he had. The average number of treatment sessions needed was 12.3. Wolpe said that he hasnt had any patient relapse after a complete desensitization recovery. Whos Crazy Here, Anyway? David L. Rosenhan conducted an experiment with sane people going into mental facilities claiming to hear voices, to see if the patients would be immediately released if acting completely sane. Rosenhan questioned whether the characteristics that lead to psychological diagnoses reside in the patients themselves or in the situations in which the observers find the patients. Eight subjects including Rosenhan committed themselves to eight different mental hospitals. Each subject was completely sane and in perfect mental health. When committing themselves to the hospital they complained of hearing voices and all but one where admitted and on record as having schizophrenia. Each patient once admitted, acted perfectly sane and showed no signs of schizophrenia yet were treated as though they did have a mental illness throughout their entire stay. They were given medication which they disposed of and were not treated as normal people. It was as if because they  were in the mental hospital, they were automatically considered to not be a real human being. Rosenhans study demonstrated rather strongly that normal patients cannot be distinguished from the mentally ill in a hospital setting. According to Rosenhan, this is because of the strength of the mental setting has over the patients actual behavior. Once patients are admitted to such a place, there is a strong inclination for them to be viewed in ways that strip them of all individuality. This study surprises me. Im taken aback that these professionals that have worked with mentally ill patients cannot decipher between a truly mental patient and a completely mentally-healthy patient. It is extremely unprofessional that the staff member/nurse did at one of the facilities by adjusting her bra in front of patients as if they werent real people. Thanks For The Memories One of the leading researchers in the area of memory is Elizabeth Loftus at the University of Washington. She has found that when an event is recalled it is not accurately recreated. Instead its whats called reconstructive memory. Loftus defines a presupposition as a condition that must be true in order for the question to make sense. For example, suppose that you have witnessed an automobile accident and I ask you, How many people were in the car that was speeding? The question presupposes that the car was speeding. One experiment done by Loftus was having students in small groups watch a car accident video that was about 1 minute long. After the film ended the students had to answer questions. For half the students the first question was How fast was car A going when it ran the stop sign? The other students had a question that read How fast was car A going when I turned right? The last question for both groups was Did you see the stop sign? In the group that had been asked about the stop sign 53% of the subjects said they saw a stop sign for car A, while only 35% in the turned right group claimed to have seen it. Based on these and other studies, Loftus argues that an accurate theory of memory and recall must include a process of reconstruction that occurs when new information is integrated into the original memory of an event. There is little doubt that in the course of criminal prosecutions, eye witness reports are subject to many sources of  error such as post event information integration.

Investigating The Structure Of Pig Heart Physical Education Essay

Investigating The Structure Of Pig Heart Physical Education Essay Introduction There are three layers of the heart: the epicardium, myocardium and the endocardium. The heart, like a dual pump, which is to pump blood around the whole body, pick-up nutrients and oxygen, at the same time, helping eliminate deleterious wastes, such as carbon dioxide. Moreover, the heart consists of four chambers: two ventricles and two atria. The upper chambers are called atria while the lower chambers are called ventricles, they are separated by valves. Valves are one-way, see Figure 1(Lane, 2010b), hence, they play an important role in preventing the blood from flowing back. Figure 1 One Way Valve (Lane, 2010b) The left are right chambers are separated by muscular wall septum. Without this septum, blood from one chamber will be mixed up with the blood from another and be contaminated (Burnell, 2010). The ventricles have thicker muscles than the atria, they are strong enough to pump the blood out of the heart and circulate to other parts of the body.   Besides, the pressure applied on the left ventricle is greater. As a result, the walls of the left ventricle are the thickest among all the walls of chambers (Burnell, 2010). The coronary artery supply blood to heart muscles and oxygenated, it under the groove on the front the heart and it branches over the front (Lane, 2010b) The pulmonary artery can carry blood to lungs to incept oxygen. It is used to travel the short distance to lungs because large volume of blood can be passed through and oxygenated. The pulmonary artery locates d of curving out of the right ventricle (Lane, 2010b). Methodology Apparatus The material and apparatus used in the experiment: the fresh pig heart, dissecting pan, forceps, scalpels, scissors and gloves. Methods and Observations Procedure 1: External Structure (Lane, 2010a) The heart was washed and placed into a dissecting pan. The colour of heart is pink, white colour exist in the top (maybe this colour is from fatty) and with much dried blood. It can be held by two hands and approximately is 13 cm 10 cm 7 cm. The heart is about 0.25 kg. The pericardium was found a covering the membrane of heart. The pericardium was cut by a scalpel so that the pericardium could be observed. The myocardium was located below the pericardium. The pericardium is a strong membrane. Thus, it is difficult to remove this membrane. It is about 1mm and colourless. The apex was located and was pointing down. The apex is easy to find, it is pink and pointed. The front of the heart was recognized by a groove that extends from the right side of the broad end to the left of the apex. There are many veined patterns in the front of heart, judged it in this way: the major blood vessels were on the top half running down to the apex. There were four chambers in heart. The left and right atria were found. Left and right chambers are distinct and atria are upper than the ventricles. Also, the left chambers are bigger than right chamber. Blood vessels at the broad end of the heart were located. The coronary artery was found its position; the pulmonary artery was located by finger curving out of the right ventricle; and the aorta was located behind the pulmonary artery. The pulmonary veins were found at the top of the left atrium. The superior vena cava was found in top of right atrium. The coronary artery is under the groove on the front of the heart. The pulmonary artery on the right side, the aorta is behind the pulmonary artery both from the top. The diameters of holes are about 3cm. The pulmonary vein is in the left side and behind the superior vena cave. However, the inferior vena cava can not be found. Figure 2 and Figure 3 are shown the external structure (Xia, 2010). Procedure 2: Internal Anatomy (Lane, 2010a) Using scissors, the pulmonary artery was cut through. The wall of the right ventricle was cut down continually, parallel to the groove of coronary artery. It is easy to cut through and the wall of the right ventricle. The wall is about 1cm thin and very smooth. A finger was used to push open the heart, the dried blood inside the chambers was washed out. Many blood clots exist inside. The blood clots are dark and jellified. The muscular wall of right atrium was measured. The right ventricle was felt the thickness and its smooth textured lining. The muscular wall of the right atrium was measured, about 1cm. The wall is very smooth. Inferior vena cava was found in the internal right ventricle, and the lack of valves was noticed. Inferior vena cava in the inside chamber lower left, which locate in right ventricle, near apex. The valve between the right atrium and right ventricle was observed. The valve between the right atrium and right ventricle is thin and easy to break. It was not easily seen. The network of irregular muscular cords was noticed. The network of irregular muscular cords was found everywhere. The colour of them is pink and ropy. It is hard to destroy. The septum on the right side of the right ventricle was found. The septum on the right side of right ventricle is very thick about 1.5cm. Using a finger, the pulmonary artery was followed to locate the right ventricle. The pulmonary valve was found. The pulmonary valve is very thin about 1mm and not seen to be intact. Figure 3 is shown the right side of heart (Xia, 2010). Using scissors, the heart was cut on the outside of left atrium downward into the left ventricle cutting toward the apex to septum at the center groove. The heart was cleaned. The wall of the left atrium is about 2.5cm. The wall of the left ventricle is thicker, about 3 cm and hard to cut through. Jellified bloods were washed. Semi-lunar valves were found. Semi-lunar valves are consisting two valves, about 1mm and pink. Mitral valve was found. The two parts of valves were seen and about 1mm. The left ventricle was cut across toward the aorta, to expose any valves. The left ventricle is hard to cut because the wall is about 3cm. The aortic valve was found. The valve is consisted of three flaps, the shape as half-moon, about 1mm. Figure 5 is shown the left side of heart (Xia, 2010). Figure 6 is shown the internal anatomy (Xia, 2010) Result Figure 2 The Front View of Heart (Xia, 2010) Figure 3 The Rear View of Heart (Xia, 2010) Figure 4 The Right Side of Heart (Xia, 2010) Figure 5 The Left Side of Heart (Xia, 2010) Figure 6 The Internal Structure (Xia, 2010) All these figures are at the end of report in the appendix. Discussion Initially, because the structure of heart is unfamiliar, the process was done slowly, and many aspects are uncertain. In addition, before the experiment a picture of heart structure was found, during the experiment the picture was used to compare with the real heart so that identification can be more easily achieved to find structures position. However, the correct position of picture is different from position in the real heart. The reasons may the diagram is idealized, the real heart is empty and collapsed, structures lack colour contrast to distinguish. When the wall of left ventricle was cut, it is more difficult to sever than the right ventricle. During procedure 2, some muscular cords were cut and some places were undistinguishable. The wall of left ventricle is much thicker than right wall because the left ventricle did the major work. The handout suggested that watching the diastole and systole of the heart. However, this is a departed pig heart, thus, the phenomenon can not be seen. In addition, valves are very thin, when the heart is cut, valves are easily destroyed by mistake, such as the pulmonary valve is not seen to be intact. Conclusion During the experiment, the heart was examined, its external structure, each vessels characteristic and position was found and recognized. In the internal anatomy, different positions of valves were found. Dimensions of different parts of heart were measured: the size of heart, the pericardium, the diameter of vessels holes, the wall of the right ventricle and atrium, the wall of the left ventricle and atrium, the thickness of semi-lunar valves, the thickness of mitral valve, the thickness of aortic valve.

A Critique of the Movie, The Birdcage (La Cage aux Folles) Essays

A Critique of the Movie, The Birdcage (La Cage aux Folles)      Ã‚  Ã‚     A gay couple, living in a gay apartment, with a gay houseboy, above a gay nightclub, in a gay city . . . and they have to straighten it all out for one evening.   In 1996 La Cage aux Folles (a 1978 French play) was remade by MGM into The Birdcage, a daringly flamboyant comedy that is in-tune with the times and redefines the idea of family values.   It combines the talents of Robin Williams (Armand), Nathan Lane (Albert), and Hank Azaria (Agador) with writer Elaine May and director Mike Nichols.   The film is brought to life by the superb uniqueness of each character and what they bring to the screen and add to the plot.   This film sheds a new light on non-traditional but equally effective family values and role models through a series of hysterical follies. The Birdcage is a film about a gay couple who have to act straight when their son's fiance's conservative, Republican parents are planning a visit.   Amidst the hysterically dramatic disasters involved with this event two valuable lessons are taught.   They are lessons in avoiding self denial, and accepting various forms of family values.   What makes The Birdcage wonderful, aside from the lessons it teaches, is it's combination of great acting abilities, the unique role of each character, and the extravagant set and props used.   A great comedy team is only to be expected when you hear the names Williams and Lane together, and a great team is exactly what The Birdcage delivers.   Lane, a Tony Award nominee really changes gears for this film from his usual Broadway stage performances.   He plays Albert, the feminine half of the gay couple who own The Birdcage nightclub.   He appears nightly in the club's dr... ...ovie worth seeing if you want a good laugh along side a good dose of family values.   With such a stellar cast, crew, and director, only a movie of such absolute hysteria delivering such sound messages could be produced.   These qualities are what make The Birdcage a wonderful movie. Works Cited Alexander, Al.   "'Birdcage' Sounds Sour Note."   The Patriot Ledger 8 March 1996:   15+. Daly, Steve.   "The Farce Side."   Entertaiment Weekly 20 December 1996:   88-89. Anson, David.   "Gay Films are a Drag.Ó" Newsweek 18 March 1996:   71. Maslin, Janet.   "La Cage aux Folles, But in South Beach."   New York Times 8 March 1996:   C3. Carr, Jay.   "Birdcage Sings."   Boston Globe 8 March 1996:   47+. Hartigan, Patti.   "Birdcage Clips Right Wingers."   Boston Globe 22 March 1996:   47+. Nichols, Mike, dir.   The Birdcage.   Perf. Robin Williams and Nathan Lane.   MGM,   1996.

Gulf War :: essays research papers

St. Augustine's Just War Theory and the Persion Gulf War On August 2nd, 1990 the first Iraqi tanks crossed into Kuwait, as part of an invasion that marked the start of a six-month conflict between the United States and Iraq. These tanks were ordered to invade Kuwait by Saddam Hussein, the ruthless dictator of Iraq. The Iraqi troops looted Kuwaiti businesses and brutalized Kuwaiti civilians. Saudi Arabia began to fear that they may be invaded as well, and on August 7th they formally asked President Bush for US assistance. The US pledged to defend the Saudis, and to remove the Iraqis from Kuwait. Great masses of troops from many different nations were deployed in the Persian Gulf area. At 4:30 PM EST on January 16, 1991, the first aircraft with orders to attack Iraqi targets were launched from Saudi Arabia, marking the beginning of Operation Desert Storm. Dictators like Mr. Hussein cannot be allowed to take advantage of smaller countries like bullies after lunch money. There has to be someone to stop them, or they will gain more and more power and land, just as Adolf Hitler tried to do in World War II. That someone, in the case of Mr. Hussein, was the United States, along with a multinational coalition. The US had just cause in entering a war against Iraq because of Iraq's invasion of the small and defenseless nation of Kuwait. Actions such as that must be repulsed. Iraq had no just cause in invading Kuwait; their reasons were either obscure or for their benefit. The US had to help Kuwait regain their nation. In protecting the Saudis from invasion and removing the Iraqis from Kuwait the US had the right intention. The real reason the US decided to fight the Iraqis was to restore Kuwait's government and to defend Saudi Arabia. There was no underlying reason, such as to receive better prices on oil or to make the Kuwaitis indebted to the US so as to receive favors. Throughout the war, the US made clear their purpose and intent in fighting the Iraqis, and not once did they stray from it. Legitimate authority was established when the Congress voted to follow United Nations resolution 678, section two of which "Authorizes Member States co-operating with the Government of Kuwait, unless Iraq on or before 15 January 1991 fully implements, as set forth in paragraph 1 above, the foregoing resolutions, to use all necessary means to uphold and implement resolution 660 (1990) and all subsequent relevant resolutions and to restore international peace and security in the area." The vote to follow the resolution was as good as a declaration of war, as far as legitimate authority is Gulf War :: essays research papers St. Augustine's Just War Theory and the Persion Gulf War On August 2nd, 1990 the first Iraqi tanks crossed into Kuwait, as part of an invasion that marked the start of a six-month conflict between the United States and Iraq. These tanks were ordered to invade Kuwait by Saddam Hussein, the ruthless dictator of Iraq. The Iraqi troops looted Kuwaiti businesses and brutalized Kuwaiti civilians. Saudi Arabia began to fear that they may be invaded as well, and on August 7th they formally asked President Bush for US assistance. The US pledged to defend the Saudis, and to remove the Iraqis from Kuwait. Great masses of troops from many different nations were deployed in the Persian Gulf area. At 4:30 PM EST on January 16, 1991, the first aircraft with orders to attack Iraqi targets were launched from Saudi Arabia, marking the beginning of Operation Desert Storm. Dictators like Mr. Hussein cannot be allowed to take advantage of smaller countries like bullies after lunch money. There has to be someone to stop them, or they will gain more and more power and land, just as Adolf Hitler tried to do in World War II. That someone, in the case of Mr. Hussein, was the United States, along with a multinational coalition. The US had just cause in entering a war against Iraq because of Iraq's invasion of the small and defenseless nation of Kuwait. Actions such as that must be repulsed. Iraq had no just cause in invading Kuwait; their reasons were either obscure or for their benefit. The US had to help Kuwait regain their nation. In protecting the Saudis from invasion and removing the Iraqis from Kuwait the US had the right intention. The real reason the US decided to fight the Iraqis was to restore Kuwait's government and to defend Saudi Arabia. There was no underlying reason, such as to receive better prices on oil or to make the Kuwaitis indebted to the US so as to receive favors. Throughout the war, the US made clear their purpose and intent in fighting the Iraqis, and not once did they stray from it. Legitimate authority was established when the Congress voted to follow United Nations resolution 678, section two of which "Authorizes Member States co-operating with the Government of Kuwait, unless Iraq on or before 15 January 1991 fully implements, as set forth in paragraph 1 above, the foregoing resolutions, to use all necessary means to uphold and implement resolution 660 (1990) and all subsequent relevant resolutions and to restore international peace and security in the area." The vote to follow the resolution was as good as a declaration of war, as far as legitimate authority is

Defining Experience

I have always considered myself an open and welcome person who treated everyone fairly. Other people that I knew would often express views that people, who lived in the United States, whether legally or not, should learn how to speak â€Å"our† language. While I tended to agree with them I never gave it much thought, until I found myself in a foreign country, and unable to speak the language. It was there that I learned, not only how it felt to not be able to communicate easily, but to be more tolerant of other people’s non-native speaking. I have always loved to travel with family and friends, and there was no better time than when I was living and working in Serbia. While I worked with people from many nationalities most, if not all, spoke the English language. I took this for granted, and while I made some attempts to learn new languages, I did not try too hard. After a particularly stressful month of work I felt the need to get away from it all, to rest and relax, and to broaden my perspective of the world. I made reservations for six solo days of scuba diving in Croatia. I was excited, nervous, even a little scared of traveling alone. I told myself that I’m 36 years old, have two kids, and lived in another country, so I held my head high, bid my friends farewell and took off. Upon arrival in Croatia I picked up my rental car at the airport in Zagreb. I got on the A1 motorway and pointed the Fiat Punta south towards the small fishing village of Rocogniza. I arrived there late in the afternoon and promptly found the dive shop that had arranged all my accommodations. I settled in and then set off into the village to explore and buy food to prepare for dinner. The sun was shining and felt warm as I parked my car started walking towards the village. I traveled past centuries old houses, a large stone Orthodox Christian church, and into the village. Once in the village I saw the bustle of people coming to and from the outdoor market and the fisher men peddling their catches along the dock. There were people of all ages in the town centre, young kids playing, and elderly people sitting at the cafà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s talking. I walked through the market and saw a very old lady selling fresh fruits and vegetables. I stopped at her cart and she was very warm, with bright eyes, a big smile on her face, and arms opened as if she were going to hug those around her. I said hello to the old lady who only nodded and I realized that she did not speak English. Even though there was a language barrier I was able to purchase the fresh fruit and vegetables that I would need for the next few days. I then walked to the docks and again I was greeted with a warm welcome by the fishermen. I bought several mackerel, red mullet, and bukva, more that I needed, thanked the fishermen and bid them farewell. After making my purchases I stopped at a small cafà © to have a coffee. The waiter Mario, whose brother was always living and working in Kosovo, spoke almost perfect English. I sat at that cafà © for several hours talking with Mario. Mario told me about the people of his village, how they had survived through the war, and how the Croatian people generally loved having foreigners visit their great land. Although I hated for our talk to end, I had to bid Mario farewell, and head out before dark. As I left the village I turned back and looked towards the small fishing village that I had just visited. I thought about the warm and welcoming reception that I had received and that I would always remember the people that I had met. I also thought about those people who come to the United States to either visit or in search of a better life for the families. I vowed to myself that I would learn some of the local language while traveling in other countries. This experience also changed the way that I would interact with people who were in my own country and did not know how to speak what we consider â€Å"our† language.